Open Access:
Farzad, M., MacDermid, J., Ferreira, L., Szekeres, M., Cuypers, S., & Shafiee, E. (2023). A description of the barriers, facilitators, and experiences of hand therapists in providing remote (tele) rehabilitation: an interpretive description approach. Journal of Hand Therapy, 36(4), 805-816.
Key Facts about the Uninsured Population (April 2026)- https://www.kff.org/uninsured/key-facts-about-the-uninsured-population/?entry=executive-summary-introduction
Toker, S., Oak, N., Williams, A., Ipaktchi, K., & Ozer, K. (2014). Adherence to therapy after flexor tendon surgery at a level 1 trauma center. Hand, 9(2), 175-178.
Hickey, S., Rodgers, J., & Wollstein, R. (2015). Barriers to adherence with post-operative hand therapy following surgery for fracture of the distal radius. Journal of Hand and Microsurgery, 7(1), 55-60.
Loewenstein, G., Friedman, J. Y., McGill, B., Ahmad, S., Linck, S., Sinkula, S., ... & Volpp, K. G. (2013). Consumers’ misunderstanding of health insurance. Journal of Health Economics, 32(5), 850-862.
Galbraith, A. A., Ross-Degnan, D., Soumerai, S. B., Rosenthal, M. B., Gay, C., & Lieu, T. A. (2011). Nearly half of families in high-deductible health plans whose members have chronic conditions face substantial financial burden. Health Affairs, 30(2), 322-331.
Kullgren, J. T., Galbraith, A. A., Hinrichsen, V. L., Miroshnik, I., Penfold, R. B., Rosenthal, M. B., ... & Lieu, T. A. (2010). Health care use and decision making among lower-income families in high-deductible health plans. Archives of internal medicine, 170(21), 1918-1925.
Farzad, M., Naqui, Z., MacDermid, J., & Cuypers, S. (2024). Sustainable practices in hand therapy: a global perspective. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume), 49(8), 1051-1056.
Paul, R. W., Lee, D., Brutico, J., Tjoumakaris, F. P., Ciccotti, M. G., & Freedman, K. B. (2021). Reporting and analyzing race and ethnicity in orthopaedic clinical trials: a systematic review. JAAOS Global Research & Reviews, 5(5), e21.
Calfee, R. P., Shah, C. M., Canham, C. D., Wong, A. H., Gelberman, R. H., & Goldfarb, C. A. (2012). The influence of insurance status on access to and utilization of a tertiary hand surgery referral center. JBJS, 94(23), 2177-2184.
Stonner, M. M., Keane, G., Berlet, L., Goldfarb, C. A., & Pet, M. A. (2022). The impact of social deprivation and hand therapy attendance on range of motion after flexor tendon repair. The Journal of Hand Surgery, 47(7), 655-661.
Noguchi, K. S., Masrur, M., Letts, L., Sinclair, S., Wojkowski, S., & Richardson, J. (2024). Physical and occupational therapy service delivery models for populations identified as hard-to-reach: A scoping review. PloS one, 19(11), e0310993.
Warne D, Baker T, Burson M, Kelliher A, Buffalo M, Baines J, Whalen J, Archambault M, Jinnett K, Mohan SV and Fineday RJ (2025) Barriers and unmet needs related to healthcare for American Indian and Alaska Native communities: improving access to specialty care and clinical trials. Front. Health Serv. 5:1469501. doi: 10.3389/frhs.2025.1469501
Limited Access Articles:
Chen, K., Duan, G. Y., Wolf, J. M., & Stepan, J. G. (2023). Health disparities in hand and upper extremity surgery: a scoping review. The Journal of hand surgery, 48(11), 1128-1138.
Stegink-Jansen, C. W., Collins, P. M., Lindsey, R. W., & Wilson, J. L. (2017). A geographical workforce analysis of hand therapy services in relation to US population characteristics. Journal of Hand Therapy, 30(4), 383-396.
Obilo C, Kamal RN, Shapiro LM. National Agenda for Disparities Research in Hand Surgery: Validation of Social Determinant of Health Domains and Measurement Constructs. HAND. 2025;0(0). doi:10.1177/15589447251336401
Krishnan, J., & Chung, K. C. (2020). Access to hand therapy following surgery in the United States: barriers and facilitators. Hand Clinics, 36(2), 205-213.
Mackin E. The Therapist’s Point of View. Hand Clinics, 2, 429-447
Adepoju, O., Mask, A., & McLeod, A. (2018). Health insurance literacy as a determinant of population health. Population health management, 21(2), 85-87.
ASHT Articles:
https://asht.org/2023-research-updates
Plutschack. D. & Pogwizd, R. (2021). Building community and relationships virtually during the COVID-19 pandemic. ASHT Times, 28(2), 32-34. https://www.mydigitalpublication.com/publication/?i=710869&p=4&view=issueViewer
Books:
Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Understanding and Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care; Smedley BD, Stith AY, Nelson AR, editors. Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2003. Available from: https://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.libproxy.nau.edu/books/NBK220358/ doi: 10.17226/12875
Matthew, Dayna Bowen. Just Medicine: A Cure for Racial Inequality in American Health Care. New York: New York University Press, 2015.
Hoffman, B. (2025). Borders of Care: Immigrants, Migrants, and the Fight for Health Care in the United States. UChicagoPress.
Miscellaneous:
Health People 2020: provides data related to social determinants of health and their impact on healthcare access:
https://odphp.health.gov/healthypeople/priority-areas/social-determinants-health
Poverty and Access to Healthcare: Non peer reviewed article from the National health council highlighting the impact poverty has on access to health care